Reports

UNEP’s Adaptation Gap Report 2025 addresses a vast shortfall in climate adaptation finance for developing nations, with needs reaching $310–365 billion annually by 2035. Despite progress in planning, urgent action is needed from public and private sectors to close the gap and protect vulnerable communities

While climate risk management at all financial institutions has significantly progressed in recent years, differences remain between leading firms and those that are less advanced. In this new report, GARP Risk Institute examines key trends from the previous four annual Global Climate Risk Surveys to offer a holistic view of the evolution of climate risk practices

This report sets out the Bank's latest thinking on climate-related risks and regulatory capital frameworks. The report includes updates on: capability and regime gaps; capitalisation timelines; and areas for future research and analysis.